Category: 19771-63-2

Application of 19771-63-2, Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. Application of 19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid,introducing its new discovery.

A phase I/II trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects

Twenty-four asymptomatic, HIV-1-seropositive subjects with CD4 cell counts of ?400/mul participated in a Phase I/II, dose escalation trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC: Procysteine). Four groups of six subjects each were consecutively assigned to receive OTC at an initial dose of 3, 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg, followed by the same dose given twice weekly for 6 weeks. Increases in whole-blood glutathione were observed in the highest dosage group after 6 weeks of therapy. No effects on changes in CD4 cell counts, viral load, or proviral DNA frequency were observed among the four dosage groups, although a decline in beta2-microglobulin levels was apparent in the highest dosage group. One subject withdrew due to headaches; other probable adverse events including rash, flushing, pruritus, lightheadedness, and diminished concentration were self-limited.

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Related Products of 19771-63-2, Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 19771-63-2, molcular formula is C4H5NO3S, introducing its new discovery.

Lack of influence of substrate on ligand interaction with the human multidrug and toxin extruder, MATE1

Multidrug and toxin extruder (MATE) 1 plays a central role in mediating renal secretion of organic cations, a structurally diverse collection of compounds that includes ?40% of prescribed drugs. Because inhibition of transport activity of other multidrug transporters, including the organic cation transporter (OCT) 2, is influenced by the structure of the transported substrate, the present study screened over 400 drugs as inhibitors of the MATE1-mediated transport of four structurally distinct organic cation substrates: The commonly used drugs: 1) metformin and 2) cimetidine; and two prototypic cationic substrates, 3) 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), and 4) the novel fluorescent probe, N,N,N- Trimethyl-2-[methyl(7- nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino]ethanaminium iodide. Transport was measured in Chinese hamster ovary cells that stably expressed the human ortholog of MATE1. Comparison of the resulting inhibition profiles revealed no systematic influence of substrate structure on inhibitory efficacy. Similarly, IC50 values for 26 structurally diverse compounds revealed no significant influence of substrate structure on the kinetic interaction of inhibitor with MATE1. The IC50 data were used to generate three-dimensional quantitative pharmacophores that identified hydrophobic regions, H-bond acceptor sites, and an ionizable (cationic) feature as key determinants for ligand binding to MATE1. In summary, in contrast to the behavior observed with some other multidrug transporters, including OCT2, the results suggest that substrate identity exerts comparatively little influence on ligand interaction with MATE1.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Related Products of 19771-63-2. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 19771-63-2

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Related Products of 19771-63-2, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 19771-63-2

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of substrates of the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1)

The proton-coupled amino acid transporter hPAT1 has recently gained much interest due to its ability to transport small drugs thereby allowing their oral administration. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR) study has been performed on its natural and synthetic substrates employing comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) to investigate the structural requirements for substrates and to derive a predictive model that may be used for the design of new prodrugs. The cross-validated CoMSIA models have been derived from a training set of 40 compounds and the predictive ability of the resulting models has been evaluated against a test set of 10 compounds. Despite the relatively narrow range of binding affinities (Ki values) reliable statistical models with good predictive power have been obtained. The best CoMSIA model in terms of a proper balance of all statistical terms and the overall contribution of individual properties has been obtained by considering steric, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor descriptors (q2 cv = 0.683, r2 = 0.958 and r2 PRED = 0.666). The 3D QSAR model provides insight in the interactions between substrates and hPAT1 on the molecular level and allows the prediction of affinity constants of new compounds. A pharmacophore model has been generated from the training set by means of the MOE (molecular operating environment) program. This model has been used as a query for virtual screening to retrieve potential new substrates from the small-molecule, ‘leadlike’ databases of MOE. The affinities of the compounds were predicted and 11 compounds were identified as possible high-affinity substrates. Two selected compounds strongly inhibited the hPAT mediated L-[3H]proline uptake into Caco-2 cells constitutively expressing the transport protein.

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Related Products of 19771-63-2, Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. Related Products of 19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid,introducing its new discovery.

SILANE ESTERS AND AMIDES OF 2-OXOTHIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID, AND COSMETIC USES THEREOF

The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) and also to cosmetic compositions containing them and to the cosmetic uses thereof, in particular for protecting the skin against UV-induced oxidative stress.

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Related Products of 19771-63-2, In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, Related Products of 19771-63-2, name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, introducing its new discovery.

Thiazolidine prodrugs as protective agents against gamma-radiation-induced toxicity and mutagenesis in V79 cells

Representatives of two classes of thiazolidine prodrug forms of the well-known radioprotective agents L-cysteine, cysteamine, and 2-[(aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR-1065) were synthesized by condensing the parent thiolamine with an appropriate carbonyl donor. Inherent toxicity of the prodrugs was assessed in V79 cells using a clonogenic survival assay. Protection against radiation-induced cell death was measured similarly after exposure to 0-8 Gy gamma (137Cs) radiation. Antimutagenic activity was determined at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) locus. All thiazolidine prodrugs exhibited less toxicity than their parent thiolamines, sometimes dramatically so. Protection against radiation-induced cell death was observed for the 2-alkylthiazolidine, 2(R,S)-D-ribo-(1?,2?,3?,4?-tetrahydroxybutyl) thiazolidine (RibCyst), which produced a protection factor at 8 Gy of 1.8; the cysteine analogue, 2(R,S)-D-ribo-(1?,2?,3?,4?-tetrahydroxybutyl) thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (RibCys), was less active. RibCyst also exhibited excellent antimutational activity, rivaling that of WR-1065. The 2-oxothiazolidine analogues showed little activity in either determination under the conditions tested, perhaps due to their enhanced chemical and biochemical stability.

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In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. COA of Formula: C4H5NO3S, At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 19771-63-2, name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 19771-63-2

Unbiased probing of the entire hepatitis C virus life cycle identifies clinical compounds that target multiple aspects of the infection

Over 170 million people are chronically infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) andat risk fordyingfromliver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapy is expensive, associated with significant side effects, and often ineffective. Discovery of antiviral compounds against HCV traditionally involves a priori target identification followed by biochemical screening and confirmation in cell-based replicon assays. Typically, this results in the discovery of compounds that address a few predetermined targets and are prone to select for escape variants. To attempt to identify antiviral compounds with broad target specificity, we developed an unbiased cell-based screening system involving multiple rounds of infection in a 96-well format. Analysis of a publicly available library of 446 clinically approved drugs identified 33 compounds that targeted both known and previously unexplored aspects of HCV infection, including entry, replication, and assembly.Discovery ofnovel viral and cellular targets in this manner will broaden the therapeutic armamentarium against this virus, allowing for the development of drug mixtures that should reduce the likelihood of mutational escape.

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Electric Literature of 19771-63-2, Because a catalyst decreases the height of the energy barrier, its presence increases the reaction rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions by the same amount.19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S. In a article£¬once mentioned of 19771-63-2

Selective glutathione repletion with oral oxothiazolidine carboxylate (OTZ) in the radiated tumor-bearing rat

Oxothiazolidine carboxylate (OTZ) is a cysteine prodrug which augments intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. We examined the effects of oral OTZ on tumor and host tissue reduced GSH levels in fasting and radiated models of GSH depletion. In addition, we studied the tumor’s ability to utilize OTZ via the enzyme, oxoprolinase. Fischer 344 rats (n = 40) were implanted with MCA sarcoma and studied at 10% tumor burden. Treatment consisted of 10 mmol/kg OTZ or buffer orally. After a 24-hr fast, 16 animals were treated and tumor, kidney, jejunal, and colonic mucosa were collected after 4 hr. Significant increases in GSH with OTZ (n = 8) vs buffer (n = 8) were seen in kidney (5.6 ¡À 0.4 vs 4.3 ¡À 0.9; P < 0.01), jejunum (13.8 ¡À 1.3 vs 12.1 ¡À 1.1; P < 0.05), and colon (6.7 ¡À 1.2 vs 5.3 ¡À 0.6; P < 0.05), but not tumor (8.9 ¡À 2.4 vs 10.6 ¡À 1.4; P = 0.12). Sixteen animals were treated 4 hr before and 18 hr following 1100 cGy of abdominal radiation and at 4 days, tumor, jejunal, and colonic mucosa were collected. Significant increases in GSH with OTZ (n = 8) vs buffer (n = 8) were noted in jejunum (9.3 ¡À 1.1 vs 7.5 ¡À 1.8; P < 0.05) and colon (5.6 ¡À 1.1 vs 4.3 ¡À 0.9; P < 0.05) but not tumor (8.4 ¡À 1.6 vs 7.6 ¡À 1.4; P = 0.34). To determine tissue oxoprolinase activity, tumor, kidney, liver, jejunal, and colonic mucosa were collected from 8 animals. Oxoprolinase activity was highest in the kidney (814 ¡À 145) with no difference noted between liver and tumor (280 ¡À 117 and 324 ¡À 137, respectively). Oral OTZ selectively increases reduced GSH levels in normal tissues compared to tumor following fasting and whole abdominal radiation. This increase does not appear to be due to a differential activity of oxoprolinase. OTZ may have a role in protection against toxicity associated with oxidative injury by selective repletion of normal host tissue GSH levels. The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 19771-63-2 is helpful to your research. Electric Literature of 19771-63-2

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Electric Literature of 19771-63-2, Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. Electric Literature of 19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid,introducing its new discovery.

INTERMEDIATE FOR BIOTIN AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

The present invention is to provide a process for preparing a synthetic intermediate of biotin which is industrially advantageous, and discloses a process for preparing a compound represented by the formula (I) :???wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different from each other, and each represents hydrogen atom, a benzyl group which may have a substituent(s) on the benzene ring, a benzhydryl group which may have a substituent(s) on the benzen ring, or a trityl group which may have a substituent(s) on the benzene ring, R3 represents cyano group, carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylthiocarbonyl group, or a carbamoyl group which may have a substituent, or a salt thereof which comprises subjecting a compound represented by the formula (II-a) :???wherein the symbols have the same meanings as defined above, or a salt thereof to ring transformation.

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Reference of 19771-63-2, In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, Reference of 19771-63-2, name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, introducing its new discovery.

Method for 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid for cellular glutathione

Provided herein is a composition, method of manufacture, and method for treating a disease condition and/or raising cellular levels of glutathione, the composition comprising L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, (procysteine) having a purity of at least 99 to 99.5 percent.

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Application of 19771-63-2, One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time.In a article, authors is Vita, Joseph A., mentioned the application of Application of 19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S

L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease

The effective action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) is impaired in patients with atherosclerosis. This impairment has been attributed in part to increased vascular oxidative stress. EDNO action is improved by administration of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant. Ascorbic acid is a potent free-radical scavenger in plasma, and also regulates intracellular redox state in part by sparing cellular glutathione. We specifically investigated the role of intracellular redox state in EDNO action by examining the effect of L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylate (OTC) on EDNO-dependent, flow-mediated dilation in a randomized double-blind placebo- controlled study of patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. OTC augments intracellular glutathione by providing substrate cysteine for glutathione synthesis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was examined with high-resolution ultrasound before and after oral administration of 4.5 g of OTC or placebo in 48 subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Placebo treatment produced no change in flow-mediated dilation (7.0 ¡À 3.9% vs. 7.2 ¡À 3.7%), whereas OTC treatment was associated with a significant improvement in flow- mediated dilation (6.6 ¡À 4.4% vs. 11.0 ¡À 6.3%; P = 0.005). OTC had no effect on arterial dilation to nitroglycerin, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, or reactive hyperemia. These data suggest that augmenting cellular glutathione levels improves EDNO action in human atherosclerosis. Cellular redox state may be an important regulator of EDNO action, and is a potential target for therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.

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